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The stages of periodontal health and disease are determined by gum tissue appearance, probing depths, level of bleeding, presence of pus and bone levels noted on dental x-rays.
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Health
1. Gums are firm and have a healthy pink color
2. Gum line hugs teeth tightly
3. No bleeding
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Gingivitis
1. Gums bleed easily when you brush or when probed gently during exam
2. Gums are inflamed and sensitive to touchation
3. Possible bad breath and bad taste
4. Gums between teeth may look bluish-red in color
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Early Periodontitis
1. Gums bleed easily when you brush or when probed gently during exam
2. Gums are inflamed and sensitive to touchation
3. Possible bad breath and bad taste
4. Gums between teeth may look bluish-red in color
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Moderate Periodontitis
1. Gum boils or abscesses may develop
2. Teeth look longer as gums begin to recede
3. Front teeth may begin to drift, showing spaces
4. Bad breath, bad taste
5. Both horizontal and angular bone loss on x-ray
6. Pockets between teeth and gum range from 4-6mm deep
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Advanced Periodontitis
1. Teeth may become mobile or loose
2. Bad breath, bad taste are constant
3. Roots may be exposed and are sensitive to hot and cold
4. Severe horizontal and angular bone loss on x-ray
5. Pockets between teeth and gum now in excess of 6mm deep
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